Origins and History of The Second City
The story of The Second City begins in 1959 when it was founded by Bernie Sahlins, Howard Alk, and Paul Sills in Chicago. This visionary comedy enterprise quickly became a hub for artists and performers, attracting some of the brightest minds in comedy and entertainment. As a result, The Second City has grown to become one of the most prolific and influential institutions in the world, both shaping and reflecting trends in comedy and popular culture.
Founding and Early Years
The Second City was founded on the principles of improvisational theater, which emphasizes spontaneity, collaboration, and creativity. Paul Sills, the son of influential theater practitioner Viola Spolin, incorporated his mother’s teaching into the methodologies at The Second City. Viola Spolin developed the Theater Games approach, a system of improvisational techniques that became the cornerstone of The Second City’s training program and still influences comedy education today.
The name “The Second City” comes from a nickname for Chicago, underscoring the founders’ belief that this new comedy venture was a legitimate alternative to the established theater and entertainment landscape, dominated by the first city, New York.
Growth and Expansion
As the improvisational theater scene in Chicago grew, so did The Second City’s influence. The institution developed a reputation for fostering a collaborative environment where performers, writers, and directors could hone their skills and experiment with new ideas. This supportive atmosphere attracted not only local talent but also promising performers from across the United States.
Over the years, The Second City expanded both its physical presence and its artistic offerings. Additional venues were established in other cities, starting with a Toronto location in 1973. By branching out geographically, The Second City continued to spread its innovative approach to comedy throughout the United States, Canada, and beyond. Additionally, the institution expanded its performance genres beyond improvisational comedy, delving into sketch comedy, stand-up, and even musical theater.
Impact on the Comedy Industry
The launch of a Second City television show, “SCTV,” further cemented the institution’s position as a tastemaker in comedy. “SCTV” provided a platform for many now-famous Second City alumni, allowing them to develop their craft and become household names.
To this day, The Second City continues to revolutionize comedy through its commitment to innovation, collaboration, and education. Its rich history and enduring influence on the industry are undeniable, shaping the landscape of comedy and performance worldwide.
Notable Alumni and Their Impact on the Industry
The Second City has been the starting point for many of the most talented and influential performers in the world of comedy, with a list of successful alumni that reads like a who’s who of Hollywood. The impact of these former students on the entertainment industry has been profound, and their continued involvement with the institution has helped maintain The Second City’s legacy.
Tina Fey
One of the most notable alumni of The Second City is Tina Fey, a multiple Emmy Award-winning actress, writer, and producer. Fey’s career took off when she joined Saturday Night Live as a writer and performer in 1997, where she honed the skills she developed at The Second City. She went on to become the show’s head writer and a co-anchor on the Weekend Update segment.
Fey’s success continued with the creation of the hit TV show 30 Rock, for which she received numerous awards, including multiple Emmy Awards. Her influence in the world of comedy is undeniable, and her work has been inspirational to countless comedians and writers.
Stephen Colbert
Another notable alumnus, Stephen Colbert, has made a significant impact on American television as both a comedian and political commentator. His career began at The Second City in the early 1990s, where he developed his unique brand of humor and performance style. Colbert later joined The Daily Show as a correspondent before launching his own show, The Colbert Report, in 2005.
Colbert’s success with The Colbert Report led to him replacing David Letterman on The Late Show, where he continues to showcase his comedic talents while tackling political and social issues. His work at The Second City laid the foundation for his successful career and undeniable impact on the world of comedy and television.
Bill Murray
Bill Murray, one of the most beloved comedic actors of his generation, also began his career at The Second City in the 1970s. His time with The Second City laid the groundwork for his work as a member of the original cast of Saturday Night Live, where his iconic characters and improvisational skills earned him widespread acclaim.
Murray’s film career took off with his role in the 1980 film, Caddyshack, and he continued to star in numerous comedy classics throughout the 1980s and 1990s, such as Ghostbusters and Groundhog Day. His work has had a significant impact on modern comedy and continues to inspire new generations of performers.
Many More Success Stories
These are just a few examples of the countless talented alumni who have graced The Second City’s stages and gone on to achieve incredible success in the world of comedy and entertainment. From the brilliant sketches and performances created and honed within its walls to the lasting influence graduates have had on the industry, The Second City’s legacy extends far beyond its humble beginnings in Chicago.
Improvisational Comedy, Sketch Comedy, and Education at The Second City
The Second City has become synonymous with groundbreaking comedy, and a significant part of its reputation is due to the exceptional education it provides in the art of improvisational comedy and sketch comedy. These two forms of comedy have formed the backbone of the institution’s approach to performance and have played a significant part in shaping the careers of countless comedians and actors.
Improvisational Comedy: The Foundation for Creativity and Spontaneity
Improvisational comedy, or improv, is a form of instantaneous comedic performance in which actors create scenes, characters, and dialogue on the spot. This requires immense on-the-fly thinking, creativity, and teamwork. At The Second City, students are trained in the principles of improv, such as agreement, heightened reality, and listening in order to become skilled at creating humor in real-time.
One of the fundamental concepts in improv is “Yes, and…” where performers build upon each other’s ideas rather than rejecting or negating them. This fosters a collaborative environment where creativity can flourish, making improv a vital skill for aspiring comedians. According to The Second City’s official website, learning to improvise helps performers “better understand how to create comedy with others,” which is crucial for both stage and screen performances.
Sketch Comedy: Crafting Comedy Through Sketches and Short Scenes
While improvisational comedy focuses on creating humor in the moment, sketch comedy involves writing and rehearsing comedic scenes or skits. This genre allows comedians to develop more fully-realized characters, hone their writing skills, and refine their comedic timing. At The Second City, students learn to craft sketches that can be performed both in a live setting and on television or film.
Some famous sketch comedy series, such as “Saturday Night Live,” have utilized alumni from The Second City, showcasing the institution’s pivotal role in shaping the world of comedic television. As a Chicago Weekends article points out, learning at The Second City helps students “develop the ability to block and perform a variety of characters, styles, and genres.”
The Second City’s Approach to Comedy Education: Why It Matters
The synergy between improv and sketch comedy at The Second City has created a unique learning environment that emphasizes both spontaneity and preparation. The institution’s commitment to honing these essential skills has helped countless comedians, actors, writers, and directors achieve success across various mediums. From live performances to television and film, The Second City’s education continues to be a gold standard in comedy training.
As The Second City celebrates its continued influence on the world of comedy, future generations of comedians and performers will undoubtedly benefit from its legacy and the authenticity of its methods. The institution’s approach to improv and sketch comedy remains as relevant as ever, ensuring its place in the history and growth of the entertainment landscape.Mainstage Performances and the Revue Format
At the heart of The Second City’s live offerings are the mainstage performances, a unique blend of improvisational comedy, songs, and sketch comedy. These shows are a celebration of The Second City’s signature style, showcasing the talents of its ensemble members and providing an unforgettable experience for audiences.
The Structure of the Revue
Each mainstage performance, known as a “revue,” is composed of carefully curated content that reflects the current social, political, and cultural climate. Typically running for 90 minutes, these shows include a series of sketches, improvised scenes, and musical numbers that are bound together by a central theme or overarching message.
The revue format is designed to create a cohesive and engaging experience for the audience, moving seamlessly between scripted material and improvisation. This allows performers to react to the energy of the room, create organic connections between sketches, and keep the audience on their toes.
Themes and Content
The Second City’s revues cover a wide array of themes and topics, from light-hearted satire to more serious examinations of contemporary issues. Past revues have included “She the People,” which explores the experiences of women in today’s society, and “Look Both Ways,” which examines the intersection of race and politics in America.
The content of the revues is created through a collaborative process involving the ensemble members, directors, and writers. This method ensures that each show is fresh, relevant, and reflective of the diverse perspectives that make up The Second City’s community.
The Importance of the Revue Format
The revue format plays a crucial role in maintaining The Second City’s reputation as a leader in comedic performance. By combining various comedy styles and themes into a single show, The Second City offers a comprehensive showcase of its talents and educational methods. The revue format also fosters a sense of community among performers and audiences alike, as it encourages shared experiences and reactions to the material presented on stage.
Moreover, the revue format allows for a dynamic and interactive experience for the audience. By blending scripted and improvised elements, The Second City’s performers are able to adapt to the mood of the room and create moments that are unique to each performance. This ensures that every show is a one-of-a-kind experience, keeping audiences engaged and excited for more.
The Touring Companies and Their Contributions
The Second City has expanded its reach beyond the Chicago improv scene through its touring companies. These companies not only help promote The Second City’s brand and reach new audiences, but they also help maintain the tradition and spirit of the institution. Let’s explore the different types of touring companies, their performances, and the impact they’ve made on audiences beyond the Windy City.
Types of Touring Companies
- National Touring Company: This company performs in different cities across the United States, bringing The Second City’s unique style of comedy to new audiences.
- The Second City Touring Company: A more specialized group that performs for corporate events, conferences, and other private functions.
- The Second City Black History Month Show: A special touring company that focuses on celebrating Black history and culture through comedy and performance.
- The Second City e.t.c. Touring Company: Another specialized group that focuses on smaller venues and more intimate performances.
Performances by Touring Companies
The Second City’s touring companies perform a mix of improv, sketch, and musical comedy, all with the same focus on satire, wit, and observational humor that has made The Second City famous. These performances aim to entertain and connect with audiences, showcasing the dynamic and engaging work coming out of Chicago.
The Role of Touring Companies in Continuing The Second City’s Legacy
Touring companies play a vital role in maintaining and growing the institution’s footprint and influence. They have helped The Second City expand its brand and create more opportunities for performers. In addition, touring companies bring the unique style of comedy taught at The Second City to new audiences, introducing them to a new way of thinking about comedy, performance, and storytelling.
Impact on Audiences Beyond Chicago
The Second City’s touring companies have had a significant and positive impact on audiences around the United States and the world. By sharing their unique brand of comedy, these companies have introduced new fans to the magic of improv and sketch. They have also created opportunities for up-and-coming performers to share their talents with broader audiences, helping to shape the future of comedy and performance.
The Second City’s Television and Film Productions
The Second City has had an immense impact on the entertainment industry, not only through its live performances but also its involvement in television and film productions. Over the years, the institution has created numerous television specials and films, using its artistic wealth and developed techniques to make an impact on pop culture.
Television Specials
The Second City is renowned for its comedy television specials, airing sketches, improv, and musical parodies that have captivated viewers and showcased the talents of its performers. Some of the most popular television specials from The Second City include:
- “The Second City Presents,” a sketch comedy series that aired on NBC in 1983-1984. The show featured sketches, songs and improvisational comedy from The Second City’s ensemble cast.
- “The Second City’s Next Comedy Legend,” a reality show competition on the Comedy Network that aired in 2007. The winner of this competition received the opportunity to join The Second City mainstage cast.
- “The Colbert Report” was a spin-off from “The Daily Show,” hosted by Stephen Colbert, who is a prominent Second City alumni. The show aired on Comedy Central from 2005 to 2014, and it served as a platform for showcasing The Second City’s comedic style.
Film Productions
In addition to television specials, The Second City has also branched out into film productions. Many of The Second City’s alumni have successfully transitioned into the film industry, using their skills and experiences to create iconic movies. Some of these films include:
- “Ferris Bueller’s Day Off,” directed by John Hughes and starring Second City alumni such as Matthew Broderick, Charlie Sheen, and Jeffrey Jones in 1986.
- “Groundhog Day,” directed by Harold Ramis and featuring Second City alumni Bill Murray and Stephen Tobolowsky in 1993.
- “Mean Girls,” a comedy film written by Second City alumna Tina Fey, telling the story of a teenage girl trying to fit in at her new high school. The film gained immense popularity and further cemented Fey’s status in the entertainment industry.
Beyond Live Performances
The Second City’s transition into television and film productions can be attributed to its commitment to staying relevant and evolving with the ever-changing entertainment landscape. The artists and performers affiliated with The Second City have been able to bring their unique comedic skills and experiences to various media forms, expanding their influence beyond the stage.
The institution’s contributions to the world of comedy have not only captivated audiences and inspired future generations but have also led to its continued growth and prominence in the realm of television and film.
Legacy and Enduring Influence of The Second City
The Second City has undeniably left an indelible mark on the comedy world, making a significant impact not only on performers but also on audiences around the globe. Over the years, the institution has consistently evolved, keeping pace with changing industry trends and audience preferences. This resilience, along with a steadfast commitment to fostering raw talent, has enabled its lasting legacy.
Impact on Comedy and Performance
Since its inception, The Second City has produced many iconic alumni who have shaped the comedy landscape. Some of these notable graduates include Tina Fey, Stephen Colbert, and Bill Murray, to list a few. Their wit, creativity, and unique takes on comedy have undoubtedly been influenced by their experiences at The Second City. These alumni have not only excelled in their careers but also continue to support and contribute to the institution. As a result, The Second City remains a vital training ground and platform for up-and-coming comedians and performers, helping to fuel the next generation of comedy legends.
Improvisational and sketch comedy are at the core of The Second City’s pedagogy, providing a distinct approach to performance and storytelling. These techniques have been adopted by the wider comedy industry and have become integral to countless television shows, films, and live performances. By embracing improvisation and sketch comedy, The Second City has demonstrated that the most memorable moments in comedy often arise organically and unscripted, allowing performers to truly connect with their audiences.
Pop Culture and Entertainment
The influence of The Second City extends beyond the realm of live comedy. Its involvement in television and film productions has played a significant role in shaping the landscape of pop culture and entertainment. From classic sketches on Saturday Night Live to iconic films like Ghostbusters, the Institution’s alumni have captivated audiences worldwide. Additionally, The Second City has produced television specials and countless media productions, establishing its presence in the larger entertainment picture and further cementing its legacy.
Expanding the Brand and Impact
Over the years, the brand of The Second City has expanded to include touring companies, allowing it to share its unique blend of comedy across the country and the globe. These touring companies have introduced millions of people to The Second City’s style of comedy, contributing to its ever-growing audience base and extending its influence. The institution’s ability to diversify its offerings and adapt to the changing industry landscape has helped keep The Second City relevant and influential in today’s entertainment landscape.
A Future of Enduring Influence
As the comedy world evolves, The Second City will undoubtedly continue to adapt and innovate, paving the way for the next era of comedy talent. Its gold standard for comedy education will remain at the forefront, nurturing the careers of countless aspiring performers and shaping the future of the industry. Through its commitment to excellence and its enduring influence, The Second City will undoubtedly remain an indelible force in the world of comedy performance for generations to come.